The Department of Labor Spent $4.65 Billion on Staffing Contracts. Nothing Requires a Dollar of It to Go to American Workers.

The Department of Labor Spent $4.65 Billion on Staffing Contracts. Nothing Requires a Dollar of It to Go to American Workers.

The agency whose own founding mission is “to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners, job seekers, and retirees of the United States” has spent $4.65 billion since FY2016 on IT-staffing and temporary-personnel contracts. We cross-referenced every vendor on that list against DOL’s own H-1B disclosure data, 2008–2026. What we can defend ranges from 1,244 to 1,707 certified H-1B positions inside the DC-area workforce of DOL’s own contractor base — and none of these contracts require the labor be American.

In 1975, I worked briefly for AMF Tuboscope in Port-Gentil, Gabon, on the West African coast. I was young, and I remember asking my manager why there weren’t more American kids like me working there. His answer has stuck with me for fifty years: America’s own labor arrangement with Gabon required local hires for every position except management. A poor West African nation had more leverage over its own labor market in 1975 than the United States government exercises over its own procurement dollars today.

— From the site founder’s personal recollection
DOL staffing/IT contract spend, FY2016–2026
$4.65B
746 vendors, 3,958 contract actions — temp/admin staffing & computer/IT-services NAICS codes
Vendors with zero H-1B history, ever
$1.60B
461 of 746 vendors — no filing under their name anywhere in 18 years of DOL’s own disclosure data
Plausible DC-area H-1B footprint
1,707
Certified H-1B filings, DC/MD/VA worksites, 2020–2026, at $2.17B of DOL-vendor companies
Most conservative estimate
1,244
Same filter, also excluding the four largest federal-wide primes (Booz Allen, Leidos, GDIT, BAE)
Why isn’t there a rule requiring this money go to American workers?

The H-1B program DOL administers is attestation-based, not verified. When a company files a Labor Condition Application, it attests that hiring the foreign worker won’t harm similarly-employed U.S. workers — but DOL doesn’t check that claim for most filers. Real scrutiny (recruitment documentation, displacement questions) only applies to the narrow category of “H-1B-dependent” employers. Everyone else’s compliance is the filing itself. Compare that to the PERM green-card process, which does require documented American recruitment before a foreign worker can be sponsored permanently. The gap between those two programs is exactly the gap this report is about.

And the idea of the government requiring domestic labor with its own money isn’t novel or radical — it already exists elsewhere in federal spending. The Buy American Act prefers domestic materials on federal purchases. Davis-Bacon rules set wage floors for federal construction labor. The Jones Act requires domestic vessels and crews for maritime shipping between U.S. ports. The federal government routinely decides taxpayer money should preferentially build American jobs — just not, currently, for the IT-staffing and professional-services dollars this report is about.

Three ways to count it — broad to conservative

Rather than pick one number, we built three, each narrower than the last. All three start from the same base: every DOL contractor in a staffing or IT-services spending category (NAICS 561320, 561311, 561330, 541511, 541512, 541519, 541990) since FY2016, cross-matched by company name against DOL’s own H-1B Labor Condition Application disclosure data, 2008–2026, then restricted to certified petitions at DC/MD/VA worksites filed 2020–2026 — the years and geography that plausibly overlap with these contracts.

Broadest — any DOL vendor with a confirmed H-1B filing anywhere
3,507
Mid — excluding Deloitte/Oracle-scale diversified & nonprofit filers
1,707
Narrowest — also excluding Booz Allen, Leidos, GDIT & BAE
1,244
What each tier removes: Tier 2 drops 29 vendors (1,802 of the raw 3,507 petitions, $162M in contracts) that are diversified national or global firms where DOL is a rounding error of their business — Deloitte Consulting, Deloitte & Touche, Oracle America, Gartner, Qualtrics, Palantir, IBM, AlixPartners, plus universities and nonprofit research institutes swept in by the same NAICS codes. Tier 3 additionally drops the four largest federal-focused primes — Booz Allen Hamilton, Leidos, General Dynamics IT, and BAE Systems Technology Solutions & Services — which, unlike Deloitte or Oracle, are overwhelmingly federal-contract businesses, but still serve dozens of agencies beyond DOL. Which of the three is “right” depends on how much benefit of the doubt you extend to a company whose federal book is bigger than the contract in front of you.
Where the mid-tier number comes from, vendor by vendor

The 91 vendors behind the 1,707 figure aren’t evenly distributed — a dozen companies account for two-thirds of it. These are the companies with the largest confirmed DC/MD/VA H-1B footprint among DOL’s own staffing and IT-services contractors.

Leidos, Inc.
266
Softrams LLC
197
Digital Management LLC
127
TechnoGen Inc.
124
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc
112
22nd Century Technologies Inc
71
Ampcus Inc
59
General Dynamics IT Inc
57
AINS LLC
41
Creative Systems & Consulting LLC
39
BAE Systems Tech Solutions & Services Inc
28
DISYS Solutions Inc
27
Largest single vendor
Certified H-1B filings, DC/MD/VA, 2020–2026
These twelve companies account for 1,148 of the 1,707 mid-tier petitions (67%). The remaining 79 vendors split the other 559 in small numbers — a handful of certified filings each, not concentrated bulk sponsorship.
What this can and can’t prove

This is a company-name cross-reference against federal spending and federal disclosure data, not a contract-by-contract audit. Be clear-eyed about the limits:

Name matching, not registered-address verification. Unlike our earlier Texas Attorney General staffing-contract report — where every match was checked against the vendor’s registered city and state — this analysis matches on normalized company legal name across a much larger federal dataset. We manually spot-checked the largest name mismatches (Peraton, Maximus, General Dynamics, BAE Systems, Accenture Federal Services, Buchanan & Edwards) for parent-company and subsidiary name variants, but did not do this for all 746 vendors.

A certified LCA reflects a company’s H-1B workforce, not a specific contract assignment. No public dataset ties an individual visa holder to an individual government contract. Restricting to DC/MD/VA worksites and the 2020–2026 filing window narrows the set to plausible DOL-contract labor, not confirmed placement — these workers could equally be staffing any other federal agency’s contract with the same company.

We used certified petition counts, not the LCA’s own “worker positions” field. That field is frequently a round-number batch-filing ceiling employers request (25, 50, 100) rather than a confirmed hire count. One certified LCA case number is the more conservative unit, and it’s what all three totals above are built from.

What this means

The Department of Labor exists, by its own founding statute, to “foster, promote, and develop the welfare of the wage earners, job seekers, and retirees of the United States” and “advance opportunities for profitable employment.” It has also spent $4.65 billion of taxpayer money since FY2016 on staffing and IT-services contracts, and by even the most conservative count we can defend, at least 1,244 certified H-1B positions sit inside the Washington-area workforce of the companies holding those contracts — with no requirement anywhere in the process that any of it go to an American worker first.

The federal government already accepts the principle that its own money should build American jobs: the Buy American Act does it for materials, Davis-Bacon does it for construction wages, the Jones Act does it for shipping. A poor West African nation applied the same principle to a foreign oil-services contractor in 1975 without a second thought. The question this report leaves open isn’t whether that kind of requirement is possible — it plainly is, elsewhere in the same federal government. It’s why the Department of Labor’s own contracts don’t have one.

Data: USASpending.gov federal contract awards, Department of Labor, NAICS 561320/561311/561330/541511/541512/541519/541990, FY2016–2026 · DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data, 2008–2026, cross-matched by employer legal name.

Bansar Technologies’ Real Texas Footprint: The OAG Contract Was One Desk in a Much Bigger Shop

Bansar Technologies’ real Texas footprint: the OAG contract was one desk in a much bigger shop

Our original count — $8.98 million across 32 Office of the Attorney General contracts — was accurate for that one agency. It also turned out to be 6.4% of what Bansar Technologies actually does with the State of Texas. Pulling the same statewide procurement registry that fed the original report, but without filtering to a single agency, shows Bansar holding 534 contracts worth $141.3 million across 23 different Texas agencies since 2014, still growing, and still winning renewals without the individual placements ever going back out to competitive bid. We ran the same check against the other 13 confirmed H-1B-sponsor vendors from the original report: the pattern isn’t unique to Bansar.

Bansar’s statewide TX contract value, 2014–2026
$141.3M
534 contracts across 23 agencies — vs. $8.98M/32 contracts at OAG alone
OAG’s share of Bansar’s real footprint
6.4%
The original report’s full scope was one-sixteenth of the company’s TX government business
Growth, 2020 → 2021
3.7×
$6.66M in new awards in 2020 to $24.47M in 2021, and it never came back down
Cash actually paid, H1 2026 alone
$10.75M
412 real Comptroller disbursements across 22 agencies, Jan–Jun 2026 — this is live money, not just contract ceilings
Bansar Technologies’ 10 largest Texas customers, by contract value

The Office of the Attorney General — the entire subject of the original report — is Bansar’s 7th-largest customer. Health and Human Services Commission alone is 4.5× the size of the OAG relationship, spread across 214 separate staff-augmentation contracts since 2015.

Health and Human Services Commission $40.19M (214 contracts) Family & Protective Services $16.38M (91) Dept. of Transportation $13.64M (16) Railroad Commission $12.81M (26) State Health Services $9.83M (51) Texas Workforce Commission $9.58M (11) Office of the Attorney General $8.98M (32) — the original report’s full scope Dept. of Motor Vehicles $7.57M (18) Comptroller of Public Accounts $4.58M (20) Dept. of Agriculture $2.93M (6)
Largest customer
Office of the Attorney General (the original report’s scope)
Other agencies
New contract value awarded per year, statewide

Bansar’s Texas business roughly quadrupled between 2020 and 2021 and never receded — it has held at $20–26 million in new awards every year since, across an expanding roster of agencies. The jump lines up with the pandemic-era staffing surge at the state’s two largest human-services agencies, HHSC and DFPS, which together account for 40% of Bansar’s all-time total.

$0M $10M $20M $30M $1.0M 2014 $4.2M 2015 $4.4M 2016 $2.3M 2017 $0.3M 2018 $5.7M 2019 $6.7M 2020 $24.5M 2021 $26.3M 2022 $20.8M 2023 $21.4M 2024 $21.8M 2025 $2.1M 2026*
Sustained post-2020 plateau ($20M+/yr)
Pre-surge / partial year
*2026 is partial (through April). At the current pace it’s on track to land in the same $20M+ range as every year since 2021.
How the renewals actually work — and why “competitive” doesn’t mean what it sounds like

The state’s own procurement-method field labels 527 of Bansar’s 534 contracts (98.7%) “Competitive.” Taken at face value, that looks like a clean record. It isn’t measuring what it sounds like it’s measuring.

We obtained three consecutive Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission purchase orders for a single Bansar contractor, Raja Konda, QA Manager on TABC’s IT modernization project: PO 24-40268 ($146,300, term 12/31/23–8/31/24), PO 25-40078 ($224,000, term 9/1/24–8/31/25), and PO 26-40053 ($224,000, term 9/1/25–8/31/26) — $594,300 total, three different contract numbers, zero-day gaps between each expiration and the next award. Each renewal was justified by a one-page “Best Value Statement” from TABC’s IT PMO manager arguing Konda specifically should be kept on: “he is the best person to perform these key and impactful duties.” TABC’s own internal procurement checklist — requiring three competing DIR vendor bids for purchases this size — has its verification boxes left unchecked on all three POs.

The “Competitive” label in the state’s contracts data refers to the one-time solicitation that established Bansar’s master DIR staffing contract (DIR-CPO-4534, renewed in 2024 as DIR-CPO-5452) — not to any individual agency’s decision to keep the same named person in the same seat, year after year. Every Bansar renewal we could check followed this shape, including one that names Konda directly in the statewide contracts registry itself: line item “ITSAC Bansar Contractor_ R. Konda,” recorded twice under TABC.

The state’s contract-numbering system compounds the problem: TABC issued three completely different contract IDs (24-40268, 25-00026, C2600032) for the same person’s three consecutive years in the same job — so nothing in the statewide dataset alone can link a renewal chain back together without the underlying paperwork. The cleanest lower-bound estimate we could extract from the data itself: 179 of Bansar’s 534 contracts ($34.9M, 24.7% of total value) explicitly self-describe as a fiscal-year renewal in their own subject line (e.g., “FY21 DIR IT Staff Augmentation”). The true renewal share is almost certainly higher — most of the remaining contracts carry generic “Staff Aug” labels that don’t self-identify either way.
Not just Bansar: the same statewide check on all 14 confirmed H-1B vendors

We ran the identical statewide pull for every vendor from the original report. In every case but one, the OAG relationship was a small fraction of the vendor’s real Texas government business — confirming this is a structural feature of how Texas buys IT staffing, not a Bansar-specific story.

Vendor Statewide contracts Statewide value Agencies OAG value (original report) Statewide ÷ OAG
Allied Consultants 347 $223.5M 25 $1.31M 171×
Bansar Technologies 534 $141.3M 23 $8.98M 15.7×
Apex Systems 215 $116.9M 21 $99K 1,179×
TEKsystems 164 $86.7M 21 $986K–$1.39M¹ 62–88×
E-Consulting 125 $38.2M 12 $1.51M 25×
Esolvit 115 $30.0M 15 $1.95M 15×
22nd Century Technologies 81 $23.9M 15 $1.54M 16×
Conquest Consulting 82 $19.8M 10 $2.52M 7.8×
Steck Systems 92 $18.0M 12 $2.00M
Idea Technologies 72 $13.1M 9 $348K 38×
Objectwin Technology 30 $13.0M 5 $181K 72×
Cogent Infotech 34 $10.4M 12 $1.78M 5.8×
Red Salsa Technologies 14 $4.51M² 8 $818K 5.5×
Actium 11 $3.47M 3 $3.25M 1.1×
¹ TEKsystems’ four “Completed” OAG contracts (2015–2017) total exactly $985,592, matching the original report’s snapshot. Three more “Active” OAG contracts have been awarded since (FY25–26, $408,150), which is genuine growth, not a data error. ² Corrected after finding a likely duplicate record: the state’s contracts registry logged one Red Salsa/OAG placement twice under two different contract-numbering systems ($575,640 legacy-format vs. $459,342 PO-format, same dates, same job). Removing the duplicate brings both the OAG figure and the statewide total back in line with the original report.

Allied Consultants is Bansar’s largest peer by dollar value, but a different kind of business. Roughly half of its $223.5M ($112M) comes from about 10 large enterprise systems-integration contracts — including two separate awards to help build and maintain CAPPS, the statewide payroll/HR platform every Texas agency (including TABC) runs on — rather than individually-placed staffing contractors. It is a confirmed, ongoing H-1B sponsor in its own right (PeopleSoft/HR-systems and technical-recruiting roles), but its dollar total isn’t a like-for-like comparison to Bansar’s body-shop model.

Actium is the exception that proves the rule. It’s the one vendor on this list whose Texas government business really is concentrated at OAG — 94% of its entire $3.47M statewide total is the same relationship the original report described.

Methodology note for this follow-up

This addendum draws on the same Texas Comptroller/DIR statewide contracts registry that fed the original report (confirmed: our pull reproduces the original report’s OAG figures for 10 of the 14 vendors within a percent or two). “Current Contract Value” in that registry is a not-to-exceed ceiling set at award, the same caveat that applies to LCA “worker positions” figures — it isn’t confirmed spend. We cross-checked it against the Comptroller’s actual payment-disbursement records: Bansar alone was paid $10.75 million in real cash across 22 agencies in just the first six months of 2026, so the ceiling figures in this piece are not sitting unused. In the course of this analysis we found and corrected one likely duplicate contract record (Red Salsa/OAG, detailed above) and flag Allied Consultants’ bare “ALLIED CONSULTANTS” vendor-name variant as verified — same underlying vendor ID as “Allied Consultants Inc” across all name-string variants, not a name collision.

What this means

The original report’s number was real, but it was a keyhole view. Bansar Technologies’ relationship with the Texas Attorney General’s office isn’t an outlier arrangement between one small Austin vendor and one agency — it’s the smallest visible slice of a $141 million, 23-agency, decade-plus staffing operation that has quadrupled since 2020 and shows no sign of slowing. And the mechanism that keeps it running — a single competitively-awarded master contract, followed by an unbroken chain of sole-source “best value” renewals for specific named individuals, each one issued a fresh contract number that erases the chain from public view — isn’t specific to Bansar either. Twelve of the other thirteen confirmed H-1B-sponsor vendors from the original report show the same pattern, just at different scales. Texas’s own procurement transparency data can tell you how much money moved and to whom. It cannot, on its own, tell you how many times the same person was renewed into the same job without ever being put back up for competition — that took the underlying agency paperwork to see.

Data: guestworkervisas.com Contract Registry (Texas Comptroller/DIR statewide procurement disclosure data, all agencies, 2013–2026) · Texas Comptroller payment-disbursement records (Jan–Jun 2026) · DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data · Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission purchase orders 24-40268, 25-40078, and 26-40053 (obtained separately) · DIR-CPO-4534 / DIR-CPO-5452 contract records.

Where Would U.S. Employment Be Without Foreign Workers?

Where would U.S. employment be without foreign workers?

Actual U.S. nonfarm payrolls, 1939–present (FRED series PAYEMS, BLS CES establishment survey), compared against a counterfactual: starting from the real Dec 2006 payroll level — the last month before BLS began separately tracking native-born vs. foreign-born employment — and adding only the growth in native-born employment (BLS Table A-7, CPS household survey) each month since.

Actual nonfarm payrolls, Jun 2026
159.0M
BLS CES establishment survey (PAYEMS)
Counterfactual level, native-born growth only
147.2M
Dec 2006 level + cumulative native-born employment gains since
Gap
+11.8M
8.0% above the counterfactual level
Actual vs. counterfactual employment level, 1939–2026

Both lines are identical through Dec 2006. After that point, the orange line stops following actual payroll growth and instead only adds however many more native-born workers were employed each month.

0M30M60M90M120M150M180M1940195019601970198019902000201020202026Dec 2006 — Table A-7 beginsActualCounterfactual
Actual (BLS nonfarm payrolls)
Counterfactual (native-born growth only, since Dec 2006)
How to read the counterfactual line: PAYEMS counts jobs (someone working two jobs is counted twice); Table A-7 counts people (and also picks up agricultural and self-employed workers PAYEMS doesn’t). The counterfactual isn’t a precise reconstruction of what payrolls specifically would have been — it splices a jobs-count series onto a persons-count series at the one point where they meet, to show the shape of employment growth if hiring since 2006 had drawn only from the native-born labor force. Treat the ~11.8M gap as illustrative, not a precise headcount.
Data: FRED series PAYEMS (BLS CES) · BLS Table A-7 (Current Population Survey), Dec 2006–Jun 2026.

Nobody’s Checking the Box: What DOL’s Own H-1B Disclosure Data Reveals About Its Quality Control

Nobody’s Checking the Box: What DOL’s Own H-1B Disclosure Data Reveals About Its Quality Control

We ran two basic data-integrity checks against the Department of Labor’s H-1B LCA disclosure archive — the same public dataset guestworkervisas.com’s search tools are built on — and found a paper trail with almost no gatekeeping. Employer identity isn’t standardized (Amazon’s own visa-processing subsidiary filed under nine different spellings of its own name), and the one checkbox meant to flag employers with a history of willful labor-law violations is filled in so inconsistently that none of the employers DOL has actually barred from the program ever checked it. Data: guestworkervisas.com’s local mirror of DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data, 2008–2026 (3,831,829 filings), cross-referenced against DOL’s public H-1B debarred-employer list as of August 2026.

Duplicate employer-name entries
24,703
13.1% of all 188,152 distinct employer-name strings in the archive are the same company typed differently — not different companies
Real employers fragmented across spellings
20,604
Split across 2 or more “distinct” name entries by nothing more than a comma, a period, or an extra space
Filings marked “willful violator”
0.03%
1,142 of 3,831,829 LCA filings, scattered across 671 employer names with no pattern matching real enforcement
Actually-debarred employers who ever checked that box themselves
0 of 4
Every employer DOL has currently barred from the program marked “No” or left it blank on all 81 of their combined filings
Employer identity has no canonical ID — not even for Amazon

DOL’s LCA disclosure files identify employers by a free-text name field with no employer ID, no deduplication, and no standardization pass. We normalized every employer name in the archive as conservatively as possible — uppercase, strip commas and periods, collapse whitespace, nothing fancier — and 24,703 of 188,152 “distinct” employer names collapsed into a name already used by another row. That’s a floor, not a ceiling: this check doesn’t touch abbreviations, “US” vs “U.S.A.”, or legal-suffix variants like “LLC” vs “L.L.C.”, all of which would fragment real companies further.

Amazon Development Center US, Inc. 9 spellings US Electronics, Inc. 8 spellings Dish Network LLC 7 spellings Everest Consulting Group, Inc. 7 spellings ICS Global Soft, Inc. 7 spellings Intellectt, Inc. 7 spellings Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC 7 spellings Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P. 7 spellings Teradata US, Inc. 7 spellings Amadeus North America, Inc. 6 spellings
Most-fragmented name in the archive
Other employers, ranked by spelling-variant count
Also in the archive with 6 spelling variants apiece, purely from punctuation and spacing: Charter Communications, Inc., GlobalFoundries US, Inc., Michael Kors USA, Inc., and SmarTek21 LLC — the last of which shows up as literally the same string with one to five trailing spaces appended. These aren’t small or unfamiliar companies; they’re firms with dedicated immigration counsel filing thousands of LCAs, and even they can’t get their own legal name typed the same way twice in a federal disclosure system.
The one checkbox meant to catch bad actors is functionally noise

Every LCA asks the employer to attest whether it has previously been found a “willful violator” under the H-1B program — a designation that, once made, is supposed to be disclosed on every filing for five years. In the full archive, that field holds six different raw values for what should be a single yes/no answer (Yes, Y, No, N, N/A, and blank), and only 1,142 of 3,831,829 filings (0.03%) are marked positive at all. Tata Consultancy Services’ own filing history shows why that number is meaningless as a signal rather than reassuring:

Fiscal year Total TCS filings Marked “willful violator” Share
FY2020 11,998 5 0.04%
FY2021 5,259 0 0.00%
FY2022 11,172 10 0.09%
A genuine five-year disclosure obligation would show up as “Yes” on every filing in the window, not 5 out of 11,998 in one year and 0 out of 5,259 the next. The same pattern holds for other large filers who show up as “positive”: Amazon.com Services LLC has exactly 1 filing marked “Yes” out of tens of thousands, and Meta Platforms has 2, both prepared by the same outside law firm a year apart. These read as isolated data-entry slips by individual preparers, not disclosures of real enforcement findings — which cuts both ways: the field is just as unreliable when it says “no” as when it says “yes.”
None of DOL’s actual debarred employers ever flagged themselves

DOL’s public H-1B debarred/disqualified employer list currently names four companies as confirmed willful violators. We checked each one’s own historical LCA filings for the self-attestation the form is supposed to require of them.

Employer Current debarment period Total filings on record Self-attested “willful violator”?
GowraTech, LLC 5/12/2025 – 5/11/2027 10 No / N, every filing
Renotek Group LLC (also filed as Renotek Solutions LLC) 8/8/2025 – 8/7/2027 67 No / N, every filing
Seeloz, Inc. 3/4/2026 – 3/3/2028 3 No / N, every filing
Sherwood at Mount Dora, Inc. (dba Sherwood Academy) 5/26/2026 – 5/25/2028 1 N/A
This isn’t a contradiction — debarment is a Wage and Hour Division enforcement action that happens after the fact, so an employer’s older LCAs predating the finding wouldn’t be expected to show it. But it means the self-attestation field provides zero advance warning in the one place it would matter most, while simultaneously flagging unrelated Fortune 500 filers through what look like ordinary clerical mistakes. As a public signal, it fails in both directions at once.
What this means

This is the same dataset every H-1B search tool on this site — and most of the H-1B journalism published anywhere — is built on. It has no employer ID, no name standardization, and at least one self-attestation field that’s essentially decorative. The practical consequence is that any “who are the top H-1B sponsors” ranking, including ones built from this exact archive, is undercounting real concentration by splitting single companies across multiple name entries, and any claim that leans on the willful-violator field as evidence — in either direction — is standing on a field nobody appears to be checking. None of this requires a conspiracy; it’s what happens when a federal disclosure system accepts free-text employer names from thousands of different law firms and staffing companies with no validation layer in between. The debarment list itself, by contrast, is small, curated, and appears reliable precisely because it’s DOL’s own enforcement output rather than employer self-report.

Data: guestworkervisas.com’s local mirror of DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data, 2008–2026 (3,831,829 filings, 188,152 distinct employer-name strings) · DOL Wage and Hour Division H-1B Debarred/Disqualified List of Employers, effective August 1, 2026.

A Decade of H-1B-Sponsoring Staffing Firms Inside the Texas Attorney General’s Office

A decade of H-1B-sponsoring staffing firms inside the Texas Attorney General’s office

The Office of the Attorney General has spent roughly $173.9 million since 2015 on temporary-staffing and “IT staff augmentation” contracts — and the office is still awarding them. We cross-referenced every vendor on that list against federal H-1B disclosure data, verifying each match by employer city and state rather than trusting name matches alone. At least 14 of those vendors are confirmed H-1B sponsors, together holding $26.85 million and 98 separate OAG contracts running from 2015 through September 2025. Data: guestworkervisas.com Contract Registry (Texas Comptroller procurement disclosure data) · DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data, cross-matched by employer name, city, and state.

OAG staffing/IT-augmentation spend, 2015–2026
$173.9M
Across 719 contracts — still active, with $409K already awarded in 2026
WorkQuest / TIBH (disability set-aside)
$75.3M (43%)
State-mandated channel under Texas Human Resources Code Ch. 122 — not part of the H-1B figure below
Confirmed H-1B-sponsor vendors
$26.85M
98 contracts, 14 distinct companies, identity-verified by city/state, not name alone
Largest single vendor
Bansar Technologies
Austin, TX — $8.98M across 32 contracts, 2017–2025
Confirmed H-1B-sponsor vendors, by total OAG contract value

Every vendor below appears in both the OAG’s own contract records and DOL’s H-1B LCA disclosure data under a matching legal name, city, and state — not just a similar-sounding name (see methodology note below for why that distinction mattered). Five of the top eight are Austin-based, walking distance from the agency they contracted with.

Bansar Technologies Inc — Austin, TX $8,981,358 (33.4%) Actium Inc — Austin, TX $3,250,356 (12.1%) Conquest Consulting LLC — Cedar Park, TX $2,524,682 (9.4%) Steck Systems Inc — Austin, TX $1,998,410 (7.4%) Esolvit Inc — Austin, TX $1,824,286 (6.8%) Cogent Infotech Corp — Pittsburgh, PA $1,779,801 (6.6%) 22nd Century Technologies Inc — McLean, VA $1,541,464 (5.7%) E-Consulting Inc — Irving, TX $1,507,316 (5.6%) Allied Consultants Inc — Austin, TX $1,013,250 (3.8%) TEKsystems Inc — (national) $985,592 (3.7%) Red Salsa Technologies Inc — Princeton, NJ $817,942 (3.0%) Idea Technologies LLC — Austin, TX $347,513 (1.3%) Objectwin Technology Inc — Houston, TX $181,084 (0.7%) Apex Systems Inc — Glen Allen, VA $99,123 (0.4%)
Largest vendor
Other confirmed H-1B-sponsor vendors
Total OAG staffing / temporary-personnel / ITSAC spend, by year

This is every contract in the broader staffing/temporary-personnel/”ITSAC” family at OAG — WorkQuest and the confirmed H-1B vendors combined — not just the H-1B-linked subset above. It answers a question our first pass at this data got wrong: a keyword-only search on the word “staff” made it look like this spending collapsed after 2017. It didn’t. The office simply renamed the line item to “ITSAC” and “Temporary Personnel Services” around 2018 and kept contracting at scale.

$0M $10M $20M $30M $11.3M 2015 $28.7M 2016 $27.8M 2017 $15.7M 2018 $21.2M 2019 $6.6M 2020 $22.3M 2021 $19.1M 2022 $11.6M 2023 $5.1M 2024 $4.0M 2025
OAG staffing / temporary-personnel / ITSAC contract value awarded that year
2026 isn’t charted (partial year), but the office had already awarded three new FY26 “ITSAC” contracts totaling $409,148 by early April 2026 — to SLG Millennium Group LLC, Neos Consulting Group LLC, and Optimum Consultancy Services. We checked all three against both the historical H-1B archive and the current 2026 filing table: none turn up under any plausible name variant, so none are counted as confirmed H-1B sponsors here. Spending has trended down from its 2016–2017 peak and dipped sharply in 2020, but the category itself has never gone away: the newest confirmed H-1B-sponsor awards we found were to Bansar Technologies and Idea Technologies, both dated 2025-09-01.
How we verified vendor identity — and why it caught a false match

A name-only match between a state contract vendor and an H-1B filer is not proof they’re the same company — and this dataset had two clean examples of why. “Capitol Consulting Services,” an OAG vendor paid $798,509 across 5 contracts, superficially matched an H-1B filer called “First Capitol Consulting, Inc.” — but that company is based in Los Angeles with no apparent Texas connection, and the name isn’t actually the same. We excluded it. Separately, a substring search for “National Human Resource Group” (an OAG vendor) turned up “International Human Resources Development Corporation” purely because “national” is contained inside “international” — an unrelated Boston nonprofit. Every vendor in the confirmed total above was checked individually against the H-1B filer’s registered city and state, not matched on name text alone.

Checked and found no confirmed H-1B match: WorkQuest/TIBH (not a foreign-labor staffing model), National Human Resource Group Inc, PMCS Services Inc, EKHP Consulting LLC, and the three vendors awarded OAG’s newest FY26 contracts — SLG Millennium Group LLC, Neos Consulting Group LLC, and Optimum Consultancy Services. These vendors either have no H-1B filings on record under any plausible name, or we could not verify one — they are not included in the $26.85 million figure.
What this means

The Texas Attorney General’s office — the state’s chief law-enforcement agency, responsible for enforcing Texas’s own labor and employment laws — has spent nearly $27 million of public money since 2015 on contracts with staffing vendors that are themselves active H-1B sponsors, and the arrangement is still running today. This isn’t a claim that any of these contracts were improperly awarded; OAG’s procurement records show the bulk went through competitive bidding. It’s a claim about where the money actually ends up: when a state agency outsources “IT staff augmentation” to a vendor, it isn’t hiring Texans directly, and in at least 14 of these vendor relationships, it’s contracting with firms that source a meaningful share of their technical labor through the guest-worker visa system — on the state’s own dime, inside the very office that is supposed to be Texas’s watchdog on these issues.

Data: guestworkervisas.com Contract Registry (Texas Comptroller/state procurement disclosure data), Office of the Attorney General records, 2005–2026 · DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data, cross-matched by employer legal name, city, and state.

The Technology Jobs Everybody Thinks Disappeared Were Never Here

The technology jobs everybody thinks disappeared were never here

Years of headlines about tech layoffs have created a widely held belief that computer and technology jobs are vanishing from the U.S. economy. The occupation-level data says otherwise — and the reason for the gap between perception and reality turns out to be about where those jobs are actually classified, not whether they exist. Data: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), SOC 15-0000 “Computer and Mathematical Occupations,” 2004–2024; DOL/OFLC H-1B LCA disclosure data by SOC code, 2010–2024.

SOC 15-0000 employment, 2004 → 2024
2.92M → 5.19M
+2.28 million jobs, +78%, over 20 years
2023 → 2024 net change
+15,490
Smaller than most years on record, but still a gain — not a loss
2024 H-1B LCAs, SOC 15
566,993
63.7% of all H-1B/E-3/H-1B1 LCAs filed that year
Where those jobs actually sit
NAICS 54: 35.4%
vs. just 14.0% in NAICS 51 “Information” — the sector most layoff headlines come from
National employment, Computer & Mathematical Occupations (SOC 15-0000), 2004–2024

This is every worker BLS counts in computer and mathematical occupations nationwide — software developers, systems analysts, IT support, data scientists, network engineers, and the rest of SOC 15 — regardless of what industry employs them. The only down years on record are 2009–2010, during the financial crisis. Every other year, including 2022–2024, the years most associated in the press with mass tech layoffs, employment grew.

2.5M3.0M3.5M4.0M4.5M5.0M5.5M20042006200820102012201420162018202020222024
The recent slowdown is real, but it’s a slowdown, not a decline. 2022 alone added 349,160 jobs to this occupation — the single best year on record. 2023 added another 173,490. 2024 added just 15,490 — a sharp deceleration that lines up with the layoff headlines — but the total kept climbing. Nationally, the occupation has not shrunk.
H-1B applications for computer & math occupations (SOC 15), by year

The same years show sustained, large H-1B activity specifically in this occupation. This is LCA filing volume — it includes renewals, extensions, amendments, and employer transfers, not just new hires, so it should not be read as “this many new workers.” What it does show is the program’s scale and persistence in exactly the occupation this report is about, running alongside the employment trend above rather than in place of it.

0K100K200K300K400K500K600K158K’10183K’11234K’12274K’13337K’14426K’15450K’16427K’17446K’18459K’19399K’20549K’21417K’22416K’23567K’24
H-1B/E-3/H-1B1 LCAs filed for SOC 15 occupations (thousands)
2009 is excluded here — that year’s H-1B table shows an unexplained, sharply lower total record count than every surrounding year (consistent with an incomplete import rather than a real one-year collapse), so it isn’t reliable enough to chart. Data resumes cleanly at 2010.
Jobs added vs. H-1B applications, side by side, 2010–2024

This is the two charts above overlaid year by year: the actual net change in national SOC 15-0000 employment that year (blue, can go negative — it does in 2010), against H-1B/E-3/H-1B1 LCAs filed for SOC 15 that same year (orange). H-1B volume is larger than net job growth in every single year shown, sometimes by a wide margin — 2024 is the starkest, 567,000 applications against just 15,000 net jobs added, roughly 37 to 1. That gap is expected and shouldn’t be read as “H-1B replaced 37 native jobs for every 1 created” — most LCA filings are for workers already in the country (renewals, extensions, employer transfers), not brand-new positions, so the two bars aren’t counting the same thing. What the comparison does show plainly: the program’s activity in this occupation has been consistently large relative to the occupation’s actual net growth for a decade and a half, including in the one year — 2024 — where that growth nearly stalled.

-100K0K100K200K300K400K500K600K-20K158K’10123K183K’11172K234K’12118K274K’13138K337K’14171K426K’15160K450K’1696K427K’17123K446K’18169K459K’1935K399K’2067K549K’21349K417K’22173K416K’2315K567K’24
Net change in SOC 15-0000 employment that year (can be negative)
H-1B/E-3/H-1B1 LCAs filed for SOC 15 that year
Where computer & math jobs actually sit, by industry — 2024

This is the part that explains the gap between perception and reality. When people picture “tech jobs,” they picture NAICS 51 — Information: software publishers, internet companies, telecom, media — the sector most mass-layoff headlines come from. But that sector accounts for only 14.0% of the nation’s computer & math occupation workforce. More than twice as many — 35.4% — sit in NAICS 54, Professional, Scientific & Technical Services: IT consulting, computer systems design services, engineering services, staffing firms. Those companies rarely make headlines because they’re vendors and contractors serving every other industry, not household names. The rest are scattered across finance, manufacturing, government, education, and virtually every other sector on the list — because by 2024, writing code and running systems is not a “tech industry” job, it’s a function every industry does in-house.

Prof., Scientific & Technical Services (NAICS 54)1,838,900 (35.4%)Information (NAICS 51)724,520 (14%)Finance and Insurance (NAICS 52)512,670 (9.9%)Management of Companies (NAICS 55)370,290 (7.1%)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)312,540 (6%)Government (fed/state/local, excl. schools) (NAICS 99)300,740 (5.8%)Admin & Support Services (NAICS 56)269,000 (5.2%)Educational Services (NAICS 61)256,410 (4.9%)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 42)203,560 (3.9%)Health Care & Social Assistance (NAICS 62)158,440 (3.1%)Transportation & Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)56,380 (1.1%)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)47,540 (0.9%)
NAICS 54 — Professional, Scientific & Technical Services
NAICS 51 — Information
All other sectors
What this actually means

Two things are both true at once, and they don’t contradict each other. Real, visible layoffs happened at real, recognizable companies — mostly ones classified under NAICS 51, Information, which is exactly the slice of the economy that generates headlines when it cuts staff. And at the same time, national employment in computer & mathematical occupations grew in 19 of the last 21 years, including the exact years the layoffs made news, because that sector is only 14% of where these jobs live. The other 86% — consulting firms, finance, manufacturers, hospitals, universities, government agencies, retailers — mostly kept hiring, they just don’t put out press releases when they do. The jobs people think disappeared didn’t disappear. Most of them were never concentrated in the industry people were watching in the first place.

Data: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), National estimates and National Industry-Specific estimates, SOC 15-0000, May 2004–May 2024 · DOL/OFLC H-1B, H-1B1 & E-3 LCA disclosure data by SOC code, 2010–2024.

Discussing H-1B on Twitter and YouTube: A Year in the Analytics

Discussing H-1B on Twitter and YouTube: a year in the analytics

A year of posting H-1B/guest-worker-visa reform content on X and YouTube felt like it stopped landing sometime in early 2026. Rather than guess why, this pulls the platforms’ own analytics — account and video-level exports from X, and full lifetime YouTube Studio data — to see what actually happened. Kept here as a reference to check back against as the next round of posting (including bringing back “jobs direct”) gets underway.

X reach per post, Aug 2025 vs. Jul 2026
8.0K → 1.7K
Impressions per post, at nearly identical posting volume (452 vs. 454 posts/month).
YouTube lifetime (since May 2022)
25,845 views · 301 subs
227 videos published. Growth concentrated almost entirely in Nov 2025–Feb 2026.
Best subscriber-converting video
51 of 301 subs
One video, “jobs direct,” drove 17% of the channel’s entire lifetime subscriber count.
X (Twitter) reach per post, by month

Impressions per post, not just total impressions — so this isn’t a story about posting less. August 2025 and July 2026 both ran almost exactly 450 posts for the month; reach per post fell roughly 5x anyway. The biggest single-day spikes (300–460K impressions) landed on days tracking real national H-1B news moments — the fee/lottery reform fights in September 2025 and January 2026 in particular — which is a “riding the news cycle” signature more than a steady baseline getting throttled. The renewed dip from February through May 2026 coincides with running for U.S. Senate and a stretch spent upgrading recording equipment rather than posting — both of which pulled time away from the account directly, separate from anything the platform’s algorithm was doing.

0K2K4K6K8K8.0KAug7.1KSep5.5KOct3.5KNov1.9KDec5.0KJan2.7KFeb1.8KMar1.2KApr1.4KMay2.4KJun1.7KJul
Impressions per post (thousands), Aug 2025 – Jul 2026
X-native video views, by month

X tracks video separately from overall post impressions. The pattern is the same shape, but the mechanism is clearer here: 19 of the year’s 30 X-native videos were posted in December 2025 alone, then posting nearly stopped (1 in May, 2 in June, 4 in July). The two best individual clips — 10,539 and 5,098 views — are an 11-second and a 17-second clip posted the same day, Jan 25, 2026, which is real proof that short vertical clips are the one format that has reliably outperformed everything else tried on the account. This is a supply problem more than a reach problem: the format works when used, it just wasn’t kept up.

0K10K20K30K40K50K8.7KAug52.6KSep32.3KOct28.4KNov41.2KDec15.9KJan1.7KFeb4.0KMar49Apr412May1.0KJun2.2KJul
X-native video views (thousands), Aug 2025 – Jul 2026
Plan: resurrect “jobs direct” in the next few days — it’s the single best subscriber-converting piece of content across either platform (see below), and reviving it deliberately, rather than letting it sit, is the highest-leverage next move available.
YouTube: where views actually come from

Lifetime totals since the channel started May 12, 2022: 25,845 views, 448 watch hours, 301 subscribers, across 227 videos. Nearly all of that growth landed in the same Nov 2025–Feb 2026 window as the X surge — the same campaign-driven pattern showing up independently on a second platform. The traffic-source breakdown below is the more useful finding: YouTube’s own recommendation system (“Browse features,” the home feed) is the second-largest source at 34.6% of all views, run at a healthy 5.1% click-through rate — the algorithm is actively distributing this content, not burying it. “External” (39.1%, the largest single source) is traffic from links shared elsewhere — meaning reach still depends heavily on personally driving people there. The one genuine weak point: “Suggested videos” gets shown 25,089 times but converts at only 0.9% click-through, the lowest of any source — the algorithm is offering the exposure, the thumbnail/title isn’t winning the click in that context.

External (links you share)10,109 (39.1%)Browse features (home feed)8,954 (34.6%)Channel pages1,914 (7.4%)Direct or unknown1,809 (7.0%)Shorts feed1,128 (4.4%)YouTube search971 (3.8%)Other YouTube features348 (1.4%)Suggested videos334 (1.3%)Notifications160 (0.6%)Playlists115 (0.4%)
YouTube: top 10 videos by lifetime views

Four things stand out. “jobs direct” (#2) drove 51 of the channel’s 301 total subscribers — 17% of every subscriber the channel has ever had, from one video, despite a mediocre 2.2% click-through rate; whatever is converting viewers there is worth understanding and repeating on purpose. “346,000 Texas Kids” (#6) has the best retention by far at 70% average view completion on a 20-second clip — a hook that holds people to the end. “How to use the state map…” (#1) has the best click-through rate at 9.0%, double the channel average. And “Between Foreign Workers and American Workers” (#10) shows the opposite problem: 457 views but only 5.4% retention — people click and leave almost immediately, the clearest example on the channel of a title/thumbnail overpromising what the video delivers in its first few seconds.

# Title Published Views Watch hrs Subs gained Avg view % Impressions CTR
1 How to use the state map to find employers who hire H-1B’s in any state Jan 8, 2026 2,372 66.4 5 24.9% 16,749 9.0%
2 jobs direct Aug 17, 2025 2,321 28.2 51 21.5% 835 2.2%
3 Ken Paxton says he’s tough on immigration and putting Americans first Feb 26, 2026 1,634 7.3 2 32.0% 628 4.0%
4 If you want jobs in Texas & America, please share with everybody including those not on social media Feb 3, 2026 1,553 14.0 2 51.7% 2,590 3.5%
5 H-1B History Files, Jobs and Sharia Law in Houston TX Jun 26, 2026 1,382 12.0 8 47.4% 23,735 4.4%
6 346,000 Texas Kids. Where are their jobs? Nov 15, 2025 957 5.4 3 70.0% 14,290 5.3%
7 Amazing how our population growth has been decreasing since we started sending our jobs overseas Dec 7, 2025 646 8.6 0 21.6% 8,202 5.8%
8 Lets talk about the United States Navy Mar 1, 2026 591 10.9%
9 How can I survive on social security of $1,380 per month? Dec 1, 2025 475 25.6%
10 Between Foreign Workers and American Workers, who gets the jobs? May 29, 2026 457 5.4%
What this actually means

Reach on both platforms tracks two things more than anything else: how much time was personally spent posting, and whether H-1B happened to be a national story that week. Neither platform’s data supports “the algorithm is hiding this” as the main explanation — YouTube’s own recommendation system is actively distributing this content at a solid click-through rate, and X’s biggest spikes line up with real news moments, not a stable audience getting cut off. What the data does show clearly: short video is the highest-leverage format on both platforms, a small number of specific videos already prove a winning formula (hook, thumbnail, subject) exists, and the 1,000-subscriber threshold that’s felt so far away is much more a function of posting consistency than of any ceiling being imposed from outside. That’s a more encouraging problem to have — it’s one a steady posting cadence can actually solve.

Data: X (Twitter) account and video analytics exports, Jul 31, 2025 – Jul 30, 2026 · YouTube Studio channel analytics, lifetime (since May 12, 2022), pulled Jul 30, 2026.

Is the labor-shortage number a big-business number?

Is the “labor shortage” number a big-business number?

JOLTS job-openings data gets cited constantly to argue employers can’t find domestic workers — the same argument used to justify sending jobs overseas and importing labor on guest-worker visas. We tested whether the survey behind that number is actually built from large-firm responses. Sources: BLS JOLTS establishment-size research series (Dec 2000–May 2026) and DOL OFLC H-1B/H-1B1/E-3 LCA disclosure data (FY2026 Q1–Q2).

Share of job openings from 5,000+ employee establishments
3.2%
May 2026, Total Private. Barely moved from 2.0% in 2019 and 1.9% in 2015 — a stable feature of the data, not a recent shift.
JOLTS survey response rate, 2020 → 2024
58% → 33%
And per BLS/Federal Reserve research, response is lower in the largest size classes — those estimates are the least reliable, not the most.
“Certainty stratum” in the sample design
100% sampling
Every establishment above a size threshold is included with certainty by design — it’s the small ones that get randomly subsampled.
Where the nation’s job openings actually sit

JOLTS classifies every sampled unit into one of six employment-size classes and publishes job-openings levels for each. This is establishment size — a single physical location — not firm size. Read at face value, the headline “can’t find workers” number is overwhelmingly a small-and-mid-business number: locations under 250 employees account for ~77% of measured openings.

0% 8% 16% 24% 32% 20.0% 1–9 30.4% 10–49 26.6% 50–249 12.3% 250–999 7.5% 1K–5K 3.2% 5K+
Response rates cut the other way too: BLS and Federal Reserve researchers have both flagged that the largest size classes have the lowest survey response, meaning the already-small 5,000+ slice is also the noisiest one in the published data.
Establishment ≠ firm: why “large employer” doesn’t mean “large establishment”

A firm is one or many establishments under a common EIN. A retail or restaurant chain with 50,000 employees shows up in JOLTS as thousands of separate small locations — most falling into the “under 250” buckets above. A company that concentrates its U.S. workforce into a handful of huge campuses shows up as a few units in the certainty stratum instead. Using this project’s own H-1B/LCA disclosure data, distinct worksite addresses per employer vary enormously — illustrating just how differently “large employer” maps onto establishment size class from one company to the next.

0 450 900 1,350 1,800 sites Ernst & Young 1,710 Infosys Limited 496 Apple 283 Oracle America 274 Amazon Web Services 206 Cisco Systems 170 LinkedIn 39 Qualcomm Technologies 29

Distinct worksite street addresses named across each employer’s FY2026 LCA filings. Not a headcount measure — DOL’s position-count fields turned out to be batch-filing ceilings (e.g. Qualcomm’s LCAs are routinely filed in round lots of 100), not confirmed hires, so we didn’t use them for anything requiring real magnitude.

The gap nobody outside BLS can check: JOLTS never publishes an industry × establishment-size cross-tabulation — not for tech, not for any sector. So the sharper version of the “big offshoring-heavy employers drive the shortage number” claim can’t actually be tested against public JOLTS data, by us or anyone else. That’s a real transparency limit in the dataset, not evidence either way.
Data: BLS JOLTS Estimates by Establishment Size Class, Total Private, Dec 2000–May 2026 (seasonally adjusted where applicable) · DOL OFLC H-1B/H-1B1/E-3 LCA disclosure data, FY2026 Q1–Q2 · BLS Handbook of Methods; San Francisco Fed Economic Letter, Mar 2025, on JOLTS response rates.

Are Job Openings Turning Into Real Hiring? A Tech-Sector Check

Are job openings turning into real hiring? A tech-sector check

Testing whether elevated JOLTS job openings actually convert to hires in tech-heavy sectors, and how H-1B tech hiring volume compares to the broader trend. Seasonally adjusted BLS JOLTS data (Information & Professional/Business Services) and DOL H-1B LCA disclosure data (Computer & Mathematical occupations, SOC 15-xxxx), 2020-2026.

Info sector: openings vs hires gap (last 12mo avg)
+0.8 pts
Openings rate minus hires rate. Positive = postings outpacing hires.
Prof/Biz Services: same gap (last 12mo avg)
+0.9 pts
Pre-2020, this sector’s hires rate typically ran ABOVE openings.
H-1B tech volume vs JOLTS tech hires, latest
101 vs 92
Mar 2026 index values (Jan 2020 = 100 each)
Openings rate vs. hires rate, by sector

If openings run persistently above hires, postings aren’t converting into hires at the historical rate. Pre-2020, hires typically ran above openings in both sectors below — that relationship has flipped since.

Information
0.0%2.3%4.7%7.0%’20’21’22’23’24’25’26
Professional & Business Services
0.0%2.3%4.7%7.0%’20’21’22’23’24’25’26
Openings rate
Hires rate
H-1B tech hiring volume vs. JOLTS tech-sector hires (indexed, Jan 2020 = 100)
JOLTS tech-sector hires (indexed)
H-1B tech LCA volume (indexed)

H-1B volume = certified LCAs for Computer & Mathematical occupations, by decision month (DOL disclosure data). JOLTS = combined Hires level, Information + Professional/Business Services (BLS). Both indexed to their own Jan 2020 value so two different-unit series can share one axis.

0501001502002502020202120222023202420252026Shutdown / backlog
Oct-Nov 2025 spike/dip: the Oct 2025 federal lapse in appropriations paused DOL case processing; decisions backlogged and were pushed through in November once government reopened. Read that pair of months as one disrupted period, not real volume swings.
Data: BLS JOLTS (national industry series, seasonally adjusted) · DOL OFLC H-1B/H-1B1/E-3 LCA disclosure data, FY2020-FY2026.